How to Upgrade and Downgrade the PHP Versions on CentOS 7.9

 php -v

rpm -qa | grep php

yum remove "php-*" -y

yum --disablerepo=remi-php72 --enablerepo=remi-php73 install php php-gd php-mbstring php-mysql php-curl php-mcrypt

rpm -qa | grep php

yum remove "php-*" -y

yum --disablerepo=remi-php73 --enablerepo=remi-php56 install php php-gd php-mbstring php-mysql php-curl php-mcrypt

php -v

Set Force HTTPS Using .htaccess file

 RewriteEngine On

RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
RewriteRule ^ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]

Nginx server block configuration for MailWizz

 server {

  #    if ($host = www.yourdomain.com) {

  #     return 301 https://$host$request_uri;

  #  } # managed by Certbot

    root /var/www/yourdomain.com/public/;

    server_name yourdomain.com www.yourdomain.com;

  # Add index.php to setup Nginx, PHP & PHP-FPM config

  # index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

    listen [::]:443 ssl ipv6only=on; # managed by Certbot

    listen 443 ssl; # managed by Certbot

    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot

    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot

#   ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.yourdomain.com/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot

#    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/www.yourdomain.com/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot

    include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot

    ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot

  location / {

    #try_files $uri $uri/ =404;

         if (!-e $request_filename){

             rewrite ^(/)?api/.*$ /api/index.php;

         }

         if (!-e $request_filename){

             rewrite ^(/)?customer/.*$ /customer/index.php;

         }

         if (!-e $request_filename){

             rewrite ^(/)?backend/.*$ /backend/index.php;

         }

         if (!-e $request_filename){

             rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php;

         }

         index  index.html index.htm index.php;

   }

  # pass PHP scripts on Nginx to FastCGI (PHP-FPM) server

  location ~ \.php$ {

    include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;

    include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;

    # fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

    # fastcgi_index index.php;

    #fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

    #fastcgi_read_timeout 600s;

    #fastcgi_send_timeout 600s;

    # Nginx php-fpm sock config:

    fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock; #For PHP-FPM

    # Nginx php-cgi config :

    # Nginx PHP fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

  }

  # deny access to Apache .htaccess on Nginx with PHP, 

  # if Apache and Nginx document roots concur

  location ~ /\.ht {

    deny all;

  }

}

Nginx server basic configuration for MailWizz

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# For more information on configuration, see:

#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/

#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user  nginx;

worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;

#error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log  notice;

#error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log  info;

pid        /run/nginx.pid;

events {

    worker_connections  1024;

}

http {

    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;

    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.

    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include

    # for more information.

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    index   index.html index.htm;

    #root /usr/share/nginx/html;

  # this is the section that matters for mailwizz.

    server {

     listen      80;

     server_name domain.com;

     root        /usr/share/nginx/html;

     location / {

         if (!-e $request_filename){

             rewrite ^(/)?api/.*$ /api/index.php;

         }

         if (!-e $request_filename){

             rewrite ^(/)?customer/.*$ /customer/index.php;

         }

         if (!-e $request_filename){

             rewrite ^(/)?backend/.*$ /backend/index.php;

         }

         if (!-e $request_filename){

             rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php;

         }

         index  index.html index.htm index.php;

     }

     #error_page  404              /404.html;

     # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

     #

     error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

     # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

     #

     location ~ \.php$ {

        include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;

        fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;

        fastcgi_index index.php;

        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

        fastcgi_read_timeout 600s;

        fastcgi_send_timeout 600s;

    }

     # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

     # concurs with nginx's one

     #

     location ~ /\.ht {

         deny  all;

     }

   }

}

How to move all files and folders via mv command

To move all files & folders from one destination to another:  

mv /path/sourcefolder/* /path/destinationfolder/

To move All files & Folder of current:

 mv * /path/destinationfolder/

To move single File:

 mv filename.zip /path/destinationfolder/

How to upload local file to Linux server through Mac SSH terminal

scp /path/to/file username@servername/ip:/destination/folder/

scp /Volumes/HDD/yourfilename.zip root@ip/server:/var/www/yourdirectorypath/public

To copy a file from the local server to the remote one:

scp FILENAME user@remote_server:/remote/path/FILENAME

To copy a file from the remote server to the local one:

scp user@remote_server:/remote/path/FILENAME /local/path/FILENAME

Installing PHP 8.1 to Add PHP support to Nginx on Ubuntu

 Install PHP for Nginx with PHP-FPM:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install --no-install-recommends php8.1 [Apache HTTP server and its httpd process]

sudo apt-get install php8.1-fpm -y [For PHP-FPM works with nginx]

php -v

sudo apt-get install -y php8.1-cli php8.1-common php8.1-mysql php8.1-zip php8.1-gd php8.1-mbstring php8.1-curl php8.1-xml php8.1-bcmath php8.1-imap

php -m

Check if PHP-FPM is running:

sudo systemctl status php8.1-fpm

Add PHP support to Nginx:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

Enable PHP in Nginx’s config file:

server {

  # Example PHP Nginx FPM config file

  listen 80 default_server;

  listen [::]:80 default_server;

  root /var/www/html;

  # Add index.php to setup Nginx, PHP & PHP-FPM config

  index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

  server_name _;

  location / {

    try_files $uri $uri/ =404;

  }

  # pass PHP scripts on Nginx to FastCGI (PHP-FPM) server

  location ~ \.php$ {

    include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;

    # Nginx php-fpm sock config:

    fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;

    # Nginx php-cgi config :

    # Nginx PHP fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

  }

  # deny access to Apache .htaccess on Nginx with PHP, 

  # if Apache and Nginx document roots concur

  location ~ /\.ht {

    deny all;

  }

} # End of PHP FPM Nginx config example

sudo nginx -t

sudo systemctl restart nginx

How to install MySQL on Ubuntu 22.04

 Installing MySQL:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install mysql-server

sudo systemctl start mysql.service

Configuring MySQL:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Creating a Dedicated MySQL User and Granting Privileges:

  sudo mysql

 mysql -u root -p

 CREATE USER 'mailapp'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH authentication_plugin BY 'password';

 CREATE USER 'mailapp'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

 CREATE USER 'mailapp'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';

 ALTER USER 'mailapp'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';

 GRANT CREATE, ALTER, DROP, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT on *.* TO 'mailapp'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;

 GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'mailapp'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;

 FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

 exit

 

 mysql -u mailapp -p

How To Make secured Nginx with Let's Encrypt on Ubuntu

 Installing Certbot:

sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx

Confirming Nginx’s Configuration:

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com

sudo nginx -t

sudo systemctl reload 

Allowing HTTPS Through the Firewall:

sudo ufw status

sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'

sudo ufw delete allow 'Nginx HTTP'

sudo ufw status

Obtaining an SSL Certificate:

sudo certbot --nginx -d example.com -d www.example.com

 Verifying Certbot Auto-Renewal:

 sudo systemctl status certbot.timer

 sudo certbot renew --dry-run